Joaquim Oliveira Martins is Special Advisor of the EU Commissioner for Cohesion and Reforms and Counsellor at the Center for Prospective Studies and International Information (CEPII, Paris). He was previously Deputy-Director of the OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities focusing on Entrepreneurship & SMEs policies; Regional, Rural and Urban policies, and Head of the OECD Regional Development Policy Division. He supervised projects on Regional and Urban economics, Governance, regional statistics and Well-being. He was also Head of the OECD Structural Economic Statistics Division, where he focused on Trade & Globalisation studies, Productivity measurement and Business statistics. He authored many academic articles and coordinated several OECD projects, namely on Policy Response to the Threat of Global Warming, Competition, Regulation and Performance, Ageing & Growth, Investment in Tertiary Education, and Public Health Expenditure Projections. He coordinated the first OECD Economic Surveys of Brazil, Chile and several transition countries. He was Associate Professor at the University of Paris-Dauphine PSL, and holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Paris-I, Panthéon-Sorbonne. He is Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS, UK).